What is Machine Leaning?
“Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed” – Arthur Samuel, IBM, 1959
- Machine learning - set of methods & tools which help realize the goal of the field of artificial intelligence
- Deep learning, or the use of neural networks containing many layers - a subfield of machine learning
- Computer vision, natural language processing, recommendation systems etc. - sub-fields of AI which rely on machine learning methods
Terminology
- “Data are characteristics or information, usually numerical, that are collected through observation.” - OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms, https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-glossary-of-statistical-terms_9789264055087-en
- Observations - ex: House
- Features - ex: Neighborhood, School district, Square footage, Number of bedrooms, Year built
- Targets - ex: Market sale price
- Model - an approximation of the relationship between two variables:
- Input Var -> Model -> Output Var
- A model needs:
- Features - inputs
- Algorithm - formula
- Hyperparameter - formula tweaks
- Loss function - to use to optimize the model
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